Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Hippocampal gamma predicts associative memory performance as measured by acute and chronic intracranial EEG

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37561-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Coordination of task triggers to the RNS System iEEG (ECoG). ( A ) Example of RNS System iEEG recording during the Face-Profession Task. Trigger markers are seen as sudden signal dropouts (“telemetry artifacts”) in the recording and were delivered at the stimulus onset. As the RNS System records a maximum of 4 minutes of iEEG data at a time, each experimental block (either encoding or retrieval) was designed to be less than 4 minutes long. Triggers were sent via the programmer accessory (PA) to the wand accessory (WA), to mark the real-time ECoG with each stimulus onset. At the end of each experimental block, the task software commanded the PA to pause, store, and restart recording. This design allowed for continuous behavioral testing, task-locked ECoG recording, and avoidance of iEEG data loss. ( B ) Sample RNS System iEEG recording from 4 leads showing closeup of telemetry markers. Top 2 channels are recording from the hippocampal depth electrode. Bottom 2 channels are recording from the middle temporal gyrus. Faces in Panel A are reused from the Chicago Face Database (CFD) under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 open access license .

Article Snippet: In this study, we aimed to replicate previous work on hippocampal physiology predictive of successful encoding using an associative memory paradigm in a traditional surgical iEEG group and extend these investigations to a chronic ambulatory iEEG (RNS System, NeuroPace, Inc.) population.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Hippocampal gamma predicts associative memory performance as measured by acute and chronic intracranial EEG

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37561-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hippocampal signature of successful versus failed encoding in RNS System and Surgical patients. Successful encoding shows increased and sustained gamma power in the hippocampus, compared to failed encoding in both RNS System iEEG and surgical iEEG recordings. LEFT. Time-frequency plot show increases in gamma power over similar frequency regions and timescales in successful versus failed encoding trials in both RNS System (top left) and surgical patients (bottom left). RIGHT: Gamma power in hippocampal lead electrodes exhibits a similar time course, with increased gamma power occurring 1.25–1.6 s from stimulus onset in both RNS System (top right) and surgical patients (bottom right; mean +/− SEM; dashed areas in spectrogram and shaded grey bar in the time-course indicates significant differences, p < 0.05 cluster-based permutation test. The drop in in power from −0.1–0.05 s in RNS System data is due to data blanking due to trigger artifact, see Methods).

Article Snippet: In this study, we aimed to replicate previous work on hippocampal physiology predictive of successful encoding using an associative memory paradigm in a traditional surgical iEEG group and extend these investigations to a chronic ambulatory iEEG (RNS System, NeuroPace, Inc.) population.

Techniques:

Journal: Epilepsia

Article Title: Mesial temporal resection following long‐term ambulatory intracranial EEG monitoring with a direct brain‐responsive neurostimulation system

doi: 10.1111/epi.16442

Figure Lengend Snippet: Patient characteristics based on lateralization with long‐term ICEEG monitoring

Article Snippet: RNS System chronic ambulatory ICEEG recordings were reviewed on the NeuroPace Patient Data Management System (PDMS), a secure online interface, in order to determine lateralization of MTL electrographic seizures.

Techniques:

Journal: Epilepsia

Article Title: Mesial temporal resection following long‐term ambulatory intracranial EEG monitoring with a direct brain‐responsive neurostimulation system

doi: 10.1111/epi.16442

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pre‐RNS System seizure recording and imaging data, and RNS System long‐term chronic ICEEG results pre‐ and post‐MTL surgery

Article Snippet: RNS System chronic ambulatory ICEEG recordings were reviewed on the NeuroPace Patient Data Management System (PDMS), a secure online interface, in order to determine lateralization of MTL electrographic seizures.

Techniques: Imaging

Journal: Epilepsia

Article Title: Mesial temporal resection following long‐term ambulatory intracranial EEG monitoring with a direct brain‐responsive neurostimulation system

doi: 10.1111/epi.16442

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percent changes in clinical seizure frequency at most recent follow‐up in patients with unilateral (gray) and bilateral (blue) mesial temporal lobe (MTL) electrographic seizures recorded on RNS System chronic ambulatory intracranial EEG (ICEEG)

Article Snippet: RNS System chronic ambulatory ICEEG recordings were reviewed on the NeuroPace Patient Data Management System (PDMS), a secure online interface, in order to determine lateralization of MTL electrographic seizures.

Techniques:

Journal: Epilepsia

Article Title: Mesial temporal resection following long‐term ambulatory intracranial EEG monitoring with a direct brain‐responsive neurostimulation system

doi: 10.1111/epi.16442

Figure Lengend Snippet: Seizure outcomes and Clinician Global Impression Scale scores at last follow‐up

Article Snippet: RNS System chronic ambulatory ICEEG recordings were reviewed on the NeuroPace Patient Data Management System (PDMS), a secure online interface, in order to determine lateralization of MTL electrographic seizures.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Article Title: Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: Advances in Optogenetics, Ethical Issues Affecting DBS Research, Neuromodulatory Approaches for Depression, Adaptive Neurostimulation, and Emerging DBS Technologies

doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.644593

Figure Lengend Snippet: Implant plan. StereoEEG electrodes (red) are placed in a variety of brain regions thought to be part of the depression network (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dlPFC; ventrolateral PFC, vlPFC; dorsomedial PFC, dmPFC; medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex, mOFC, lOFC; dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, dACC; medial temporal lobe, MTL). DBS leads (blue) are placed in the subcallosal cingulate (SCC) and ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS). Placement is individualized using tractography derived from diffusion MRI.

Article Snippet: Intracranial-EEG electrodes are then removed and a chronic DBS device (NeuroPace RNS ® System) is implanted in sensing and stimulation targets identified in the discovery stage.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Article Title: Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: Advances in Optogenetics, Ethical Issues Affecting DBS Research, Neuromodulatory Approaches for Depression, Adaptive Neurostimulation, and Emerging DBS Technologies

doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.644593

Figure Lengend Snippet: Individualized tractography-guided, template-matching lead implantation procedure for SCC DBS for TRD. (A) 4-bundle tractography target template . (B) Overlap of whole-brain deterministic tractography in patient-specific stereotactic frame space using the “StimVision” toolbox . (C) Initial placement of electrode within SCC and visualization of WM pathways passing through the VTA. (D) Personalized optimal electrode location with the arc and ring angle determination by a neurosurgeon. Estimated VTA with standard stimulation settings (i.e., 3.5V, 130Hz, 90ms) is visualized with local field potential recording from adjacent contacts (sandwiching recording to minimize stimulation artifact). Composite images courtesy of Ki Sueng Choi, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

Article Snippet: Intracranial-EEG electrodes are then removed and a chronic DBS device (NeuroPace RNS ® System) is implanted in sensing and stimulation targets identified in the discovery stage.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Article Title: Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: Advances in Optogenetics, Ethical Issues Affecting DBS Research, Neuromodulatory Approaches for Depression, Adaptive Neurostimulation, and Emerging DBS Technologies

doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.644593

Figure Lengend Snippet: Using connectomics to guide surgery and DBS programming. (Top) DBS tract filtering. Four DBS electrodes implanted to the anteromedial subthalamic nucleus and anterior limb of the internal capsule in a patient with obsessive compulsive disorder. Active contacts are marked in red. A tract associated with optimal clinical improvement across 50 patients (limbic hyperdirect pathway within the anterior limb of the internal capsule) is shown in red, one associated with poor improvement (posterior limb of the anterior commissure) in blue. (Bottom left) Clinical DBS setting. (Bottom middle) Upon further confirmation of results, based on the existing electrode and the connectomic information, the stimulation settings could be optimized. (Bottom right) In novel patients, both surgical targeting and DBS programming could potentially be optimized. Data from , background slices show the BigBrain dataset after precise co-registration.

Article Snippet: Intracranial-EEG electrodes are then removed and a chronic DBS device (NeuroPace RNS ® System) is implanted in sensing and stimulation targets identified in the discovery stage.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Article Title: Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: Advances in Optogenetics, Ethical Issues Affecting DBS Research, Neuromodulatory Approaches for Depression, Adaptive Neurostimulation, and Emerging DBS Technologies

doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.644593

Figure Lengend Snippet: Image-based analyses of multicenter data from the International Tourette Syndrome (TS) Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Registry and Database. (A) Active contact locations for N = 70 patients implanted in the centromedial (CM) thalamus (red); anteromedial globus pallidus internus (GPi) (yellow); posteroventral GPi (green); nucleus accumbens/anterior limb of internal capsule (NA/ALIC) (turquoise); CM thalamus and GPi (blue); or CM thalamus and NA/ALIC (purple). From . (B,C) Stimulation-dependent structural connectivity associated with improvement in tics in patients implanted with DBS in the (B) GPi or (C) CM thalamus. From .

Article Snippet: Intracranial-EEG electrodes are then removed and a chronic DBS device (NeuroPace RNS ® System) is implanted in sensing and stimulation targets identified in the discovery stage.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Article Title: Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: Advances in Optogenetics, Ethical Issues Affecting DBS Research, Neuromodulatory Approaches for Depression, Adaptive Neurostimulation, and Emerging DBS Technologies

doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.644593

Figure Lengend Snippet: Multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm for determining DBS parameter sets that more selectively active one or more axonal pathways adjacent to a DBS lead. (A) Multiple particles explore electrode configurations and stimulation amplitudes, and are guided by panel (B) , an inertial, cognitive, and social component amongst the N particles. (C–E) Particles are mapped onto a multi-objective space that describes the goal of activating one or more pathways over other pathways within the brain. Through an iterative process, non-dominated particles are tracked to create a Pareto front with particles corresponding to optimized electrode configurations. Reproduced with permission from .

Article Snippet: Intracranial-EEG electrodes are then removed and a chronic DBS device (NeuroPace RNS ® System) is implanted in sensing and stimulation targets identified in the discovery stage.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Biomarkers and Stimulation Algorithms for Adaptive Brain Stimulation

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00564

Figure Lengend Snippet: Control systems description.

Article Snippet: Neuropace stimulation in response to activity detected with a strip or depth electrode adjacent to a previously identified epileptogenic zone demonstrated an improvement in relative seizure frequency of about 21% (specifically, 38% reduction in the treatment group vs. 17% reduction in the sham group) (Morrell and RNS System in Epilepsy Study Group, ).

Techniques: Control, Activation Assay, Biomarker Discovery

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Biomarkers and Stimulation Algorithms for Adaptive Brain Stimulation

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00564

Figure Lengend Snippet: DBS stimulation control models: (A) continuous stimulation with evenly spaced stimulation pulses; (B) scheduled intermittent stimulation with a burst of pulses at fixed intervals; (C) responsive stimulation, with triggered output based on a threshold, but each pulse is the same, preset amplitude; (D) adaptive stimulation, with threshold-based adjustments in number of pulses or in amplitude of pulses, settling in around a fixed control point; (E) closed-loop stimulation, where the constantly changing, complex input determines an equally complex, dynamic output. For each the solid arrow depicts the output stimulation and the dashed arrow depicts an input signal that is compared to some threshold. (F) Potential stimulation and recording arrays. Depending on disease pathology, inputs may be from the DBS lead itself as well as secondary DBS, EEG, or ECoG electrodes. Output stimulation from the IPG is primarily though the DBS/parenchymal lead at this time, although potential exists for subdural and scalp intervention as well.

Article Snippet: Neuropace stimulation in response to activity detected with a strip or depth electrode adjacent to a previously identified epileptogenic zone demonstrated an improvement in relative seizure frequency of about 21% (specifically, 38% reduction in the treatment group vs. 17% reduction in the sham group) (Morrell and RNS System in Epilepsy Study Group, ).

Techniques: Control